The present perfect tense is an important tense in English that connects past actions with the present moment. For Hindi speakers learning English, understanding how to translate sentences from Hindi into the present perfect tense can greatly improve language skills. This blog will explain the structure of the present perfect tense, provide Hindi to English examples, and offer tips to use it correctly.
What Is Present Perfect Tense?
The present perfect tense expresses actions or events that have happened at an unspecified time before now or actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
Structure of Present Perfect Tense
- Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb + object/complement
Examples:
- I have eaten.
- She has gone to school.
Present Perfect Tense in Hindi and English: Translation Tips
In Hindi, the present perfect tense is often expressed using phrases like “… चुका हूँ/चुकी है,” “… चुका था,” or “… गया है।” These translate to English using the present perfect tense.
Examples of Present Perfect Tense: Hindi to English
Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य)
- मैंने खाना खा लिया है।
I have eaten food. - वह घर जा चुका है।
He has gone home. - हमने उस फिल्म को देखा है।
We have seen that movie. - उसने अपनी किताब खत्म कर ली है।
She has finished her book. - तुम ने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है।
You have completed your work.
Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)
- मैंने अभी तक खाना नहीं खाया है।
I have not eaten food yet. - वह घर नहीं गया है।
He has not gone home. - हमने उस फिल्म को नहीं देखा है।
We have not seen that movie. - उसने अपनी किताब खत्म नहीं की है।
She has not finished her book. - तुमने अपना काम पूरा नहीं किया है।
You have not completed your work.
Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
- क्या तुमने खाना खा लिया है?
Have you eaten food? - क्या वह घर जा चुका है?
Has he gone home? - क्या हमने उस फिल्म को देखा है?
Have we seen that movie? - क्या उसने अपनी किताब खत्म कर ली है?
Has she finished her book? - क्या तुमने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है?
Have you completed your work?
Usage of Present Perfect Tense
- To describe actions that happened at an unspecified time before now.
Example: I have visited Delhi.
(मैं दिल्ली जा चुका हूँ।) - To talk about life experiences without specifying when.
Example: She has traveled to many countries.
(वह कई देशों की यात्रा कर चुकी है।) - To express actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
Example: They have lived here for five years.
(वे यहाँ पाँच साल से रहते हैं।)
Important Points to Remember
- Use have with I, you, we, they and has with he, she, it.
- The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed (e.g., played, finished). Irregular verbs have unique forms (e.g., gone, seen).
- Use not after have/has to form negatives (have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t).
- For questions, invert have/has with the subject.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Using Simple Past Instead of Present Perfect
Incorrect: I ate food. (This is simple past.)
Correct: I have eaten food. (Present perfect.)
Wrong Auxiliary Verb
Incorrect: He have gone home.
Correct: He has gone home.
Using Past Participle Incorrectly
Incorrect: She has went to school.
Correct: She has gone to school.
Practice Sentences: Translate Hindi to English Using Present Perfect Tense
- मैंने अपना होमवर्क कर लिया है।
- वे अभी तक नहीं आए हैं।
- उसने नया फोन खरीदा है।
- हम उस जगह पर कई बार गए हैं।
- क्या तुमने अपना कमरा साफ किया है?
FAQs on Present Perfect Tense: Hindi to English
Present perfect tense क्या होता है?
यह वह काल है जिसमें हम ऐसी क्रिया व्यक्त करते हैं जो अब तक पूरी हो चुकी है या जिसका असर अभी भी है।
Present perfect tense कैसे बनाते हैं?
Subject + have/has + past participle (verb 3rd form)
Hindi से English में present perfect tense का प्रयोग कैसे करें?
Hindi में जो क्रिया “चुका हूँ/चुकी है” या “गया है” जैसे शब्दों से होती है, उसे English में present perfect tense से दर्शाया जाता है।
Present perfect tense में “have” और “has” का प्रयोग कब करें?
“I, you, we, they” के साथ “have” और “he, she, it” के साथ “has” का प्रयोग होता है।
क्या present perfect tense में समय शब्द का उपयोग होता है?
अक्सर नहीं, लेकिन “since,” “for,” “yet,” “already” जैसे शब्द साथ में आते हैं।
Present perfect tense is an essential tense that connects past actions with the present. For Hindi speakers, understanding how to translate sentences from Hindi to English using the present perfect tense can enhance communication skills. Practice the examples given here and try forming your own sentences to master this tense.