The words “has” and “have” are auxiliary verbs in English, used to show possession or action. In Hindi, they are typically translated as “है” (hai) and “हैं” (hain), depending on the subject. Understanding when and how to use these words in Hindi will improve your sentence construction and overall fluency. Let’s dive into how these auxiliary verbs function in Hindi, focusing on their role in possession, actions, and their corresponding tenses.
The Role of ‘Has’ and ‘Have’ in English Sentences
What is the Function of ‘Has’ and ‘Have’?
In English, “has” is used with singular subjects, while “have” is used with plural subjects and with the pronoun “I” and “you.” For example:
- She has a car.
- They have many friends.
In Hindi, both “has” and “have” are represented as “है” and “हैं”, but their usage depends on the number and formality of the subject.
Usage of ‘Has’ in Hindi
When you use “has” in English, it is usually translated as “है” in Hindi. This is used with singular subjects in the present tense. For example:
- He has a book.
उसके पास एक किताब है।
(Uske paas ek kitaab hai.)
In this example, the verb “has” corresponds to “है” in Hindi.
Usage of ‘Have’ in Hindi
The word “have” is used in English with plural subjects or the pronouns “I” and “you.” In Hindi, “have” is translated as “हैं”, which is used for plural subjects or formal situations. Here’s how it works:
- They have two children.
उनके पास दो बच्चे हैं।
(Unke paas do bachche hain.)
- I have a pen.
मेरे पास एक कलम है।
(Mere paas ek kalam hai.)
Note that while “हैं” is used with plural subjects, for singular subjects like “I” or “you,” “है” is still used in Hindi. For example:
- You have a question.
तुम्हारे पास एक सवाल है।
(Tumhare paas ek sawaal hai.)
When to Use ‘Has’ and ‘Have’ in Questions and Negative Sentences
In English, to form questions or negative sentences, “has” and “have” are placed before the subject. However, in Hindi, this is achieved through the addition of “क्या” (kya) for questions and “नहीं” (nahi) for negations.
Forming Questions with ‘Has’ and ‘Have’
- Does she have a car?
क्या उसके पास एक कार है?
(Kya uske paas ek car hai?)
- Do they have pets?
क्या उनके पास पालतू जानवर हैं?
(Kya unke paas paaltu jaanwar hain?)
Forming Negative Sentences with ‘Has’ and ‘Have’
- She does not have a car.
उसके पास एक कार नहीं है।
(Uske paas ek car nahi hai.)
- They do not have any pets.
उनके पास कोई पालतू जानवर नहीं हैं।
(Unke paas koi paaltu jaanwar nahi hain.)
Understanding ‘Has’ and ‘Have’ in Various Tenses
Both “has” and “have” are integral to forming present perfect tense in English. Similarly, in Hindi, the verb “है” (hai) is used in different tenses depending on the subject.
Present Tense
In present tense, “है” is used with singular subjects and “हैं” with plural subjects. The form of the sentence remains simple in this tense.
- He has a book.
उसके पास एक किताब है।
(Uske paas ek kitaab hai.)
- They have a dog.
उनके पास एक कुत्ता है।
(Unke paas ek kutta hai.)
Present Perfect Tense
In the present perfect tense, “है” and “हैं” are used similarly to indicate possession or experience.
- I have had enough to eat.
मेरे पास खाने के लिए पर्याप्त है।
(Mere paas khane ke liye paryapt hai.)
- We have completed our work.
हमने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है।
(Hamne apna kaam poora kar liya hai.)
Past Tense
In the past tense, the usage changes slightly, as it shifts to the form of “था” or “थी” depending on gender and subject.
- She had a bicycle.
उसके पास एक साइकिल थी।
(Uske paas ek cycle thi.)
- They had a meeting.
उनके पास एक बैठक थी।
(Unke paas ek baithak thi.)
Examples of ‘Has’ and ‘Have’ in Complex Sentences
Here are some more complex examples to better understand how “has” and “have” can be used in Hindi sentences:
- He has been working here for five years.
वह यहाँ पाँच सालों से काम कर रहा है।
(Woh yahaan paanch saalon se kaam kar raha hai.)
- I have never been to India.
मैं कभी भी भारत नहीं गया हूँ।
(Main kabhi bhi Bharat nahi gaya hoon.)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Learning how to use “has” and “have” correctly in Hindi involves understanding both the subject-verb agreement and the use of tenses. Common mistakes include:
- Using “है” with plural subjects.
Correct: “वे स्कूल जा रहे हैं।” (Ve school ja rahe hain.)
Incorrect: “वे स्कूल जा रहे है।” (Ve school ja rahe hai.)
- Confusing the singular form “है” with “हैं” in the case of pronouns like “I” or “you”.
Correct: “मैं खाना खा रहा हूँ।” (Main khana kha raha hoon.)
Incorrect: “मैं खाना खा रहा है।” (Main khana kha raha hai.)
FAQs
How do I use “has” in Hindi?
“Has” is used in Hindi as “है” for singular subjects like “he,” “she,” or “it.” Example: “उसके पास एक किताब है।” (Uske paas ek kitaab hai.)
When should I use “have” in Hindi?
“Have” is used in Hindi as “हैं” for plural subjects or the pronouns “I” and “you.” Example: “तुम्हारे पास एक पेंसिल है।” (Tumhare paas ek pencil hai.)
How do I form negative sentences with “has” and “have”?
To form negative sentences, use “नहीं” for negation. Example: “उसके पास कोई किताब नहीं है।” (Uske paas koi kitaab nahi hai.)
Can “has” and “have” be used in all tenses in Hindi?
Yes, “है” and “हैं” are versatile and are used in different tenses like present, present perfect, and even past tense in Hindi, though the exact form changes depending on the context.
How can I use “has” and “have” in questions in Hindi?
In Hindi, questions are formed by adding “क्या” (kya) at the beginning. Example: “क्या उसके पास एक कार है?” (Kya uske paas ek car hai?)
In this article, we’ve explored how to use “has” and “have” in Hindi sentences, their role in different tenses, and how they can be used to indicate possession and actions. Remember, “है” is used with singular subjects, and “हैं” is used with plural subjects or in formal contexts. By understanding these nuances and practicing with examples, you’ll gain fluency in using these auxiliary verbs in your Hindi conversations.